Inflammatory profiles across the spectrum of disease reveal a distinct role for GM-CSF in severe COVID-19 – Science

INTRODUCTION
Fatal COVID-19 is associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and elevated markers of systemic inflammation including IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP), often accompanied by peripheral blood neutrophilia and lymphopenia (1). However, IL-6 concentrations are typically tenfold lower than those reported in ARDS and sepsis, and other mediators also have major roles in pathogenesis (25). The beneficial effect of corticosteroids (6, 7) and IL-6 receptor antagonists (8) in severe…

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